Research

Read beyond the headline.

Accessible guides to asking better questions about financial literacy research. Explore how definitions, language, education, and context affect what a study can—and cannot—tell us.

Questions worth bringing to the evidence

Language and meaning

How are financial concepts defined? Does the wording of a question change what participants are being asked to demonstrate?

Education and measurement

Does a measure assess knowledge, confidence, behavior, or a combination? What might it leave out?

People and context

Who participated, and under what conditions? Consider whether a finding applies beyond the group studied—and whether it establishes a cause or simply an association.

Research reading guides